2025, Vol. 7, Issue 9, Part D

The June 2025 war between Israel and Iran was a great aggravation of the Middle Eastern geopolitical tensions, resulting in destructive human, economic, infrastructural, political, and environmental effects. This study aims to holistically explore and evaluate the Israel-Iran conflict in June 2025 to uncover the ripple impacts in the humanitarian, economic, infrastructural, political, and environmental domains. The research utilized a qualitative systematic review methodology to synthesize relevant publications between 13 June and 28 June 2025 on the June 2025 war between Israel and Iran and its effects on Iran. The results highlight the destructive impact of civilian loss (almost 1,000 deaths and thousands displaced) and the great extent to which the economy of Iran was disrupted, with GDP contraction, hyperinflation, and currency collapse being catalyzed by targeted strikes against energy infrastructure. The nuclear and military installations damage also contributed to slowing down the strategic capabilities of Iran by several years and the realignment of politics, including the disruption of IAEA cooperation and the focus on confrontational legal positions. Ecosystem examinations reveal the presence of acute oil spill risks and likely radiological leakage, which raises the question of long-term ecosystem stability. Consequently, this study fills the key gaps of siloed conflict studies by incorporating Galtung’s conflict theory, resilience and the social ecological systems framework, and humanitarian intervention standards. The study further provided pertinent recommendations for Iran and the international community to be able to negotiate the intricate post-modern high-intensity warfare more effectively and promote long-term recovery and institutional resilience.