2025, Vol. 7, Issue 3, Part B

Author(s): Malkiat Singh and Nirat Pandey

Abstract: India's foreign policy has evolved significantly from Jawaharlal Nehru's vision of non-alignment to Narendra Modi's assertive and pragmatic diplomacy. This paper explores key phases of India's diplomatic journey, focusing on historical contexts, ideological shifts, and global challenges. The Nehruvian era emphasized sovereignty and the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), advocating for global peace and decolonization. Indira Gandhi's leadership marked a shift towards pragmatism, highlighted by the Bangladesh Liberation War and strengthened ties with the Soviet Union. The Cold War period saw economic and geopolitical challenges, leading to India's 1991 economic liberalization under a coalition government. The post-1998 nuclear era and Vajpayee's leadership reinforced India’s global strategic stature. Under Modi, India adopted a multi-alignment strategy, expanding economic diplomacy and strengthening defense ties with major powers like the U.S., Russia, and Japan. India’s increasing role in multilateral institutions like the UN, BRICS, and G20 reflects its ambition to shape global governance. By integrating soft power through cultural diplomacy, climate initiatives, and economic reforms, India continues to position itself as a key global player in the 21st century.

DOI: 10.33545/26646021.2025.v7.i3b.468

Pages: 98-107 | Views: 1679 | Downloads: 78

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