2025, Vol. 7, Issue 2, Part A

International climate governance depends on the principle of CBDR that protects both developed and developing nations during emissions reduction and sustainable development efforts. The UNFCCC introduced CBDR in 1992 with later updates in the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement. Climate talks now work with a more adaptable system for splitting developed and developing countries even though they began as strict categories.

This study explores how CBDR developed into its present form after Kyoto and addresses its existing problems plus predicted options. The relationship between rich countries and emerging markets now depends on how much they produced in the past and what resources they have compared to their financial support requirements. The report reviews the importance of global organizations when sharing climate funds and technology. Through its advocacy work, India takes the lead in shaping how the framework of CBDR will develop in the future.

The study shows that changes in climate governance require us to fix the existing principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibility by making it work better across different situations. Climate governance requires new rules that blend measurements of personal emissions with country prosperity levels and different usage of each sector to bring fairness to global climate action.