2023, Vol. 5, Issue 2, Part B

Russia and China have been cooperating since ancient times and have gone through different phases of relations, from cold neighborliness, passing through phases of misunderstanding and hostility, to good neighborliness and strategic cooperation in political and economic alliances. This paper analyzes how Russia's perception of China has changed from the early 2000s to the latest developments in the 2023. In this paper, the author analyzed various political alliances and initiatives that Russia and China are involved in, such as SCO, BRICS, and One Belt One Road.

During the late 1990s and early 2000s, Russia viewed China as a potential threat rather than a partner. However, in 2001, Russia's perception of China started to change, leading to the signing of the comprehensive Russian-Chinese Treaty on Good Neighborliness, Friendship, and Cooperation. This shift was further reinforced by the establishment of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) during the same period. Later, in 2009, the first BRICS summit took place, further solidifying the evolving partnership between Russia and China. Fast forward to 2023, Russia and China have become very close partners, collaborating across various sectors and endorsing a multipolar world order.